Background: Research on diagnostic methods have strongyloidiasis divergent validity and incomplete by not reporting data on safety, efficiency and performance diagnosis.
Objective: To assess validity, performance, efficiency and safety of four diagnostic conventional parasitological methods for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the period 1980-2013.
Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis, exhaustive and reproducible literature search of six databases. Quality of the articles was assessed and meta-analysis was performed under the random effects model, calculating sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, predictive values, proportion of false results, accuracy, odds ratio and Youden index J and ROC curve using Meta-DiSc(es) and Epidat 3.1.
Results: 11 studies with 9,025 individuals were included. Sensitivity of the Baermann method was 72%, positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 228 and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) 0.32. The agar plate culture (APC) had a sensitivity of 89%, LR+ 341 and LR- 0.11. Stool sensitivity was 21%, LR+ 67 and LR- 0.67. Sensitivity of the formol-ether concentration was 48%, LR+ 110 and LR- 0.59. Areas under the ROC curve were 0.999 in Baermann and APC, 0.977 in the stool and 0.829 in formalin-ether concentration; specificity was 100% in all tests.
Conclusion: The four conventional parasitological methods tested in this study to detect S. stercoralis can be helpful; however, agar plate culture and Baermann method are best suited.