Quality indicators for the assessment and management of pain in the emergency department: a systematic review
- PMID: 25337856
- PMCID: PMC4273718
- DOI: 10.1155/2014/269140
Quality indicators for the assessment and management of pain in the emergency department: a systematic review
Abstract
Background: Evidence indicates that pain is undertreated in the emergency department (ED). The first step in improving the pain experience for ED patients is to accurately and systematically assess the actual care being provided. Identifying gaps in the assessment and treatment of pain and improving patient outcomes requires relevant, evidence-based performance measures.
Objective: To systematically review the literature and identify quality indicators specific to the assessment and management of pain in the ED.
Methods: Four major bibliographical databases were searched from January 1980 to December 2010, and relevant journals and conference proceedings were manually searched. Original research that described the development or collection of data on one or more quality indicators relevant to the assessment or management of pain in the ED was included.
Results: The search identified 18,078 citations. Twenty-three articles were included: 15 observational (cohort) studies; three before-after studies; three audits; one quality indicator development study; and one survey. Methodological quality was moderate, with weaknesses in the reporting of study design and methodology. Twenty unique indicators were identified, with the majority (16 of 20) measuring care processes. Overall, 91% (21 of 23) of the studies reported indicators for the assessment or management of presenting pain, as opposed to procedural pain. Three of the studies included children; however, none of the indicators were developed specifically for a pediatric population.
Conclusion: Gaps in the existing literature include a lack of measures reflecting procedural pain, patient outcomes and the pediatric population. Future efforts should focus on developing indicators specific to these key areas.
HISTORIQUE :: D’après les données probantes, la douleur n’est pas assez traitée en salle d’urgence (SU). La première étape pour atténuer l’expérience de la douleur chez les patients en SU consiste à évaluer les soins administrés de façon précise et systématique. Pour déterminer les lacunes dans l’évaluation et le traitement de la douleur et améliorer le résultat des patients, il faut des mesures de rendement pertinentes et fondées sur des faits probants.
OBJECTIF :: Faire l’analyse systématique des publications et déterminer les indicateurs de qualité propres à l’évaluation et à la prise en charge de la douleur en SU.
MÉTHODOLOGIE :: Les chercheurs ont interrogé quatre grandes bases de données bibliographiques entre janvier 1980 et décembre 2010 et fouillé manuellement les revues et délibérations de congrès ou colloques pertinents. Ils ont inclus les recherches originales qui décrivaient la mise sur pied ou la collecte de données sur au moins un indicateur de qualité propre à l’évaluation ou à la prise en charge de la douleur en SU.
RÉSULTATS :: La recherche a permis d’extraire 18 078 citations. Vingttrois articles ont été retenus : 15 études d’observation (cohortes), trois études avant-après, trois vérifications, une étude d’élaboration d’indicateurs de qualité et une enquête. La méthodologie était de qualité modérée, comportant des faiblesses dans la déclaration de la conception et de la méthodologie. Vingt indicateurs uniques ont été relevés, la majorité (16 sur 20) mesurant les processus de soins. Dans l’ensemble, 91 % des études (21 sur 23) rendaient compte d’indicateurs pour l’évaluation ou la prise en charge de la douleur à la présentation, en opposition à la douleur causée par une intervention. Trois études incluaient les enfants. Cependant, aucun indicateur n’a été élaboré expressément pour la population pédiatrique.
CONCLUSION :: Le peu de mesures reflétant la douleur liée à l’intervention, les résultats des patients et la population pédiatrique font partie des lacunes des publications actuelles. Les futurs efforts devraient porter sur l’élaboration d’indicateurs axés sur ces secteurs clés.
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