Interstitial lung disorders in the indium workers of Korea: an update study for the relationship with biological exposure indices

Am J Ind Med. 2015 Jan;58(1):61-8. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22402. Epub 2014 Oct 23.

Abstract

Background: Korea is one of the highest indium-consuming countries worldwide. The present study aims to determine the relationship between interstitial lung disorders and indium exposure in Korea.

Methods: In 50 indium workers from seven plants, the effect of serum indium on the lungs was determined using laboratory tests, spirometry, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Results: Higher serum indium and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels were associated with HRCT-detected interstitial lung changes. Workers with high serum indium levels (≥3 µg/L) had longer exposure durations and a higher prevalence of HRCT-detected interstitial lung changes. KL-6 and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) levels were significantly higher in the highest serum indium quartile than the lowest quartile. Significant dose-effect relationships existed between serum indium levels and KL-6, SP-D levels and the prevalence of HRCT-detected interstitial lung changes.

Conclusions: Workforce medical surveillance should be established to prevent indium-induced interstitial lung disease in Korea.

Keywords: Krebs von den Lungen-6; high-resolution computed tomography; indium; interstitial lung disease; occupational exposure.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Indium / adverse effects*
  • Interviews as Topic
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / blood
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / chemically induced*
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / diagnostic imaging
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / epidemiology*
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / urine
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mucin-1 / blood
  • Occupational Diseases / blood
  • Occupational Diseases / chemically induced*
  • Occupational Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Occupational Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Occupational Diseases / urine
  • Occupational Exposure / adverse effects*
  • Prevalence
  • Radiography
  • Republic of Korea / epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Smoking / epidemiology
  • Spirometry
  • Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • MUC1 protein, human
  • Mucin-1
  • Indium