A nano-engineered phosphor structure that produces enhanced fluorescence is reported. Two kinds of polymer materials with different refractive indices are spin-coated alternately to realize a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) phosphor platform, in which CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) were embedded as a fluorescence agent. The 1D PC phosphor structure is designed to match the pump photon energy with one of the photonic band-edges (PBEs), where the photon group velocity becomes zero, and thus the interaction between pump photons and fluorescent centres strengthened. A reference phosphor structure is also designed and fabricated; however, it has no PBE and exhibited bulk-like photonic properties. The fluorescence intensity from the 1D PC phosphors is examined during the pump photon energy scanning across the PBE. It is found that fluorescence from the 1D PC phosphor reaches its maximum when the pump photon energy coincides with the PBE, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. In comparison with the reference phosphor, the fluorescence from the 1D PC phosphor is measured to be enhanced by a factor of 1.36.