Wild-type mouse models to screen antisense oligonucleotides for exon-skipping efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

PLoS One. 2014 Nov 3;9(11):e111079. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111079. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

A readily available animal model is essential for rapidly identifying effective treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a devastating neuromuscular disorder caused by the lack of dystrophin protein, which results from frame-disrupting mutations in the DMD gene. Currently, the mdx mouse is the most commonly used model for antisense oligonucleotide (AO)-mediated exon skipping pre-clinical studies, with a mild phenotype. However, the accessibility of mdx mouse colonies particularly in developing countries can constrain research. Therefore in this study we explore the feasibility of using wild-type mice as models to establish exon-skipping efficiency of various DMD AO chemistries and their conjugates. Four different strains of wild-type mice and six different AO chemistries were investigated intramuscularly and the results indicated that the same exon-skipping efficiency was achieved for all tested AOs as that from mdx mice. Notably, levels of exon-skipping obtained in C57BL6 and C3H and mdx mice were most closely matched, followed by ICR and BALB/C mice. Systemic validation revealed that wild-type mice are less responsive to AO-mediated exon skipping than mdx mice. Our study provides evidence for the first time that wild-type mice can be appropriate models for assessing DMD AO exon-skipping efficiency with similar sensitivity to that of mdx mice and this finding can further accelerate the development of effective DMD AOs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alternative Splicing*
  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dystrophin
  • Exons*
  • Genetic Therapy
  • Injections, Intramuscular
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Inbred mdx
  • Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / genetics*
  • Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / therapy
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / administration & dosage*
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / genetics*
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

Substances

  • Dystrophin
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense

Grants and funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81361128013, 81273420, and 81101340), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20111202110002) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET-10-0957). The funding sources had no involvement in study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.