Characteristic differences and reference ranges for mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary Doppler velocity waveforms during fetal life

Prenat Diagn. 2015 Mar;35(3):236-43. doi: 10.1002/pd.4527. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to construct reference ranges for time intervals of each component of cardiac flow velocity waveforms in normal fetuses, comparing those variables between right and left ventricles.

Methods: In 359 fetuses at the gestational age of 17-38 weeks, the durations of atrioventricular (AV) valve opening (AVVO), AV valve closure (AVVC), total E- (total-E) and A- (total-A) waves, total ejection time (total-ET), acceleration time (acc-E for E-wave, acc-A for A-wave, and acc-ET for ejection time), and deceleration time (dec-E for E-wave, dec-A for A-wave, and dec-ET for ejection time) were studied cross sectionally.

Results: Both right and left acc-E showed the strongest correlations with gestational age (r = 0.478 and r = 0.519, respectively). Left AVVO showed a stronger correlation (r = 0.474) than right AVVO (r = 0.282) and, conversely, right AVVC showed a stronger correlation (r = 0.399) than left AVVC (r = 0.195) with gestational age. Significant differences (all P values <0.001) were observed for all right and left parameters other than total-A and acc-E.

Conclusions: Characteristic differences between right and left ventricles were found in the reference ranges, suggesting the developmental properties of the fetal heart. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

MeSH terms

  • Aortic Valve / embryology
  • Aortic Valve / physiology
  • Blood Flow Velocity / physiology*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Echocardiography, Doppler
  • Female
  • Fetal Development
  • Fetal Heart / embryology
  • Fetal Heart / physiology*
  • Gestational Age
  • Heart Valves / embryology
  • Heart Valves / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Linear Models
  • Mitral Valve / embryology
  • Mitral Valve / physiology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Second
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Third
  • Pulmonary Valve / embryology
  • Pulmonary Valve / physiology
  • Reference Values
  • Tricuspid Valve / embryology
  • Tricuspid Valve / physiology
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal