Dapagliflozin: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes

Drugs. 2014 Dec;74(18):2191-209. doi: 10.1007/s40265-014-0324-3.

Abstract

Dapagliflozin (Forxiga(®), Farxiga(®)) is an orally administered sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin reduces renal glucose reabsorption by inhibiting the transporter protein SGLT2 in the renal proximal tubule, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion and reducing blood glucose levels. Its mechanism of action is independent of insulin secretion or action; therefore, dapagliflozin provides complementary therapy when used in combination with other antihyperglycaemic drugs. This article updates an earlier review of dapagliflozin and focuses on longer-term efficacy and tolerability data (e.g. from extensions of earlier clinical trials), as well as data from studies in special patient populations (e.g. history of cardiovascular disease). Numerous well-designed clinical trials with dapagliflozin, primarily as add-on therapy for 24 weeks (but also as monotherapy or initial combination therapy), have consistently demonstrated reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose levels and bodyweight. Extensions of these trials show the effects are maintained over longer-term follow-up periods of ≈1-4 years and dapagliflozin is generally well tolerated. Dapagliflozin has a low risk of hypoglycaemia, although the incidence varies depending on background therapy, and genital mycotic infections (particularly in women) are the most common adverse events. Dapagliflozin is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment. In view of its unique mechanism of action and now well-established efficacy and tolerability profile, dapagliflozin is a useful treatment option in the management of type 2 diabetes, although its effects on diabetic complications remain to be evaluated.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Benzhydryl Compounds* / pharmacokinetics
  • Benzhydryl Compounds* / therapeutic use
  • Biological Availability
  • Body Weight / drug effects
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
  • Glucosides* / pharmacokinetics
  • Glucosides* / therapeutic use
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Renal Elimination / drug effects*
  • Renal Reabsorption / drug effects*
  • Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins / metabolism
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Glucosides
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins
  • dapagliflozin