Microscale imaging of cilia-driven fluid flow

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Mar;72(6):1095-113. doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1784-z. Epub 2014 Nov 23.

Abstract

Cilia-driven fluid flow is important for multiple processes in the body, including respiratory mucus clearance, gamete transport in the oviduct, right-left patterning in the embryonic node, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Multiple imaging techniques have been applied toward quantifying ciliary flow. Here, we review common velocimetry methods of quantifying fluid flow. We then discuss four important optical modalities, including light microscopy, epifluorescence, confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography, that have been used to investigate cilia-driven flow.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cilia / physiology*
  • Cilia / ultrastructure*
  • Coloring Agents / analysis
  • Equipment Design
  • Humans
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / instrumentation
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / methods
  • Microscopy / instrumentation
  • Microscopy / methods
  • Optical Imaging / instrumentation
  • Optical Imaging / methods*
  • Rheology / instrumentation
  • Rheology / methods*
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence / instrumentation
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence / methods

Substances

  • Coloring Agents