Adverse structural remodeling of the left ventricle and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with depressed ejection fraction

J Card Fail. 2015 Feb;21(2):97-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.10.018. Epub 2014 Nov 6.

Abstract

Background: The relationship of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias to specific patterns of adverse LV remodeling has not been reported. We examined the relationship of ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation (VT/VF) to the pattern of left ventricular (LV) structural remodeling and to the degree of LV dysfunction in patients with a low ejection fraction (EF).

Methods and results: Data from 127 patients with a low EF (≤0.45) and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) were examined and VT/VF identified by means of ICD device interrogation. Echocardiographic data were used to define LV structural remodeling (eccentric hypertrophy, concentric remodeling/hypertrophy, and normal geometry). VT/VF occurred in 26% of the 127 patients. VT/VF was more common in the 60 patients with LV hypertrophy versus the 67 with normal LV mass (40% vs 13%; P = .001) and in the 61 patients with LV enlargement versus the 66 with a normal chamber size (34% vs 18%; P = .04). When LV chamber size, wall mass, and geometry were assessed in a combinatorial fashion, a Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the occurrence of VT/VF was highest in the patients with eccentric hypertrophy (43%), intermediate in those with concentric remodeling/hypertrophy (30%), and lowest (12%) in those with normal geometry (all P < .02). The EFs were similar (P = ns) in these 3 groups of distinctly different patterns of remodeling.

Conclusions: Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a low EF are related to the pattern of LV remodeling, not the degree of LV dysfunction. Risk stratification of such patients might be improved by a consideration of the pattern of LV remodeling.

Keywords: Hypertrophy; LV function; LV remodeling; ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Defibrillators, Implantable / trends
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke Volume / physiology*
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / diagnosis*
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / physiopathology*
  • Tachycardia, Ventricular / therapy
  • Ventricular Remodeling / physiology*