c-Src mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of plakophilin 3 as a new mechanism to control desmosome composition in cells exposed to oxidative stress

Cell Tissue Res. 2015 Mar;359(3):799-816. doi: 10.1007/s00441-014-2063-x. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Abstract

Plakophilins (PKP1 to PKP3) are essential for the structure and function of desmosomal junctions as demonstrated by the severe skin defects observed as a result of loss-of-function mutations in mice and men. PKPs play additional roles in cell signaling processes, such as those controlling the cellular stress response and cell proliferation. A key post-translational process controlling PKP function is phosphorylation. We have discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger the c-Src kinase-mediated tyrosine (Tyr)-195 phosphorylation of PKP3. This modification is associated with a change in the subcellular distribution of the protein. Specifically, PKP3 bearing phospho-Tyr-195 is released from the desmosomes, suggesting that phospho-Tyr-195 is relevant for the control of desmosome disassembly and function, at least in cells exposed to ROS. Tyr-195 phosphorylation is transient under normal physiological conditions and seems to be strictly regulated, as the activation of particular growth factor receptors results in a modification at this site only when tyrosine phosphatases are inactivated by pervanadate. We have identified Tyr-195 of PKP3 as a phosphorylation target of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Interestingly, this PKP3 phosphorylation also occurs in certain poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the prostate, suggesting a possible role in tumor progression. Our study thus identifies a new mechanism controlling PKP3 and hence desmosome function in epithelial cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology
  • Cell Line
  • Desmosomes / drug effects
  • Desmosomes / metabolism*
  • ErbB Receptors / metabolism
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology
  • Male
  • Octoxynol / pharmacology
  • Oxidative Stress* / drug effects
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Phosphotyrosine / metabolism*
  • Plakophilins / metabolism*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational / drug effects
  • Protein Transport / drug effects
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / metabolism*
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Stress, Physiological / drug effects
  • Subcellular Fractions / metabolism

Substances

  • Plakophilins
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Phosphotyrosine
  • Octoxynol
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • ErbB Receptors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases