Promoter methylation of MGMT gene in serum of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in North East India

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(22):9955-60. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9955.

Abstract

Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a common event in human cancer. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a gene involved in DNA repair, which is methylated in a variety of cancers. We aimed to explore the methylation status of MGMT gene among the North Eastern population where esophageal cancer incidence and exposure to carcinogens like nitrosamines is high.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases along with equal number of age, sex and ethnicity matched controls were included in this study. Methylation specific PCR was used to determine the MGMT methylation status in serum samples.

Results: Aberrant promoter methylation of the MGMT gene was detected in 70% of esophageal cancer cases. Hypermethylation of MGMT gene was found to be influenced by environmental factors like betel quid and tobacco which contain potent carcinogens like nitrosamines. Tobacco chewing and tobacco smoking habit synergistically with MGMT methylation elevated the risk for esophageal cancer development [adjusted OR=5.02, 95% CI=1.35-18.74; p=0.010 for tobacco chewing and Adjusted OR=3.00, 95% CI=1.22-7.36; p=0.014 for tobacco smoking].

Conclusions: Results suggest that the DNA hypermethylation of MGMT is an important mechanism for MGMT gene silencing resulting in esophageal cancer development and is influenced by the environmental factors. Thus MGMT hypermethylation can be used as a biomarker for esophageal cancer in high incidence region of North East India.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / blood
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / blood
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
  • Case-Control Studies
  • DNA Methylation*
  • DNA Modification Methylases / blood
  • DNA Modification Methylases / genetics*
  • DNA Repair Enzymes / blood
  • DNA Repair Enzymes / genetics*
  • Esophageal Neoplasms / blood
  • Esophageal Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Esophageal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • India
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prognosis
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics*
  • Risk Factors
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / blood
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics*

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • DNA Modification Methylases
  • MGMT protein, human
  • DNA Repair Enzymes