Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we have demonstrated that 3 alpha subunit mRNAs of the GABAA receptor are present in different cell populations of the bovine cerebellum. While the alpha 1 mRNA is the most abundant and is present in granule cells, Purkinje cells and stellate/basket cells, the alpha 2 mRNA appears to be confined to the Bergmann glial cell layer. The alpha 3 mRNA is only expressed in the Golgi cells. This differential distribution of GABAA receptor mRNA subtypes suggests a previously unrecognized complexity of GABAergic transmission in the cerebellum.