The consumption of high-calorie foods combined with less physical exercise has increased the prevalence of obesity. Obesity is also associated with high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, diabetes, impaired host defense, and the risk of some cancers. Because PPARγ is a central player that participates in various biological responses, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation, further understanding of the lipid metabolic sensor PPARγ is necessary to reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases and cancer.