Soy and phytoestrogens: possible side effects
- PMID: 25587246
- PMCID: PMC4270274
- DOI: 10.3205/000203
Soy and phytoestrogens: possible side effects
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are present in certain edible plants being most abundant in soy; they are structurally and functionally analogous to the estrogens. Phytoestrogens have been applied for compensation of hormone deficiency in the menopause. At the same time, soy products are used in infant food and other foodstuffs. Furthermore, soy is applied as animal fodder, so that residual phytoestrogens and their active metabolites such as equol can remain in meat and influence the hormonal balance of the consumers. There have been only singular reports on modified gender-related behavior or feminization in humans in consequence of soy consumption. In animals, the intake of phytoestrogens was reported to impact fertility, sexual development and behavior. Feminizing effects in humans can be subtle and identifiable only statistically in large populations.
Phytoöstrogene sind in einigen essbaren Pflanzen enthalten, am reichlichsten in der Soja; sie sind strukturell und funktionell den natürlichen Östrogenen ähnlich. Die Phytoöstrogene werden für den Ausgleich des Hormondefizits in der Menopause verwendet. Gleichzeitig wird die Soja in der Säuglingsnahrung und anderen Lebensmitteln gebraucht. Außerdem wird die Soja als Viehfutter benutzt, sodass die Phytoöstrogene und deren aktive Metaboliten (Equol) im Fleisch verbleiben und die Homöostase der Geschlechtshormone bei den Verbrauchern beeinflussen können. Es gibt nur einzelne Mitteilungen über eine Änderung des geschlechtsassoziierten Verhaltens oder eine feminisierende Wirkung bei Menschen infolge des Sojakonsums. Eine Störung der geschlechtlichen Entwicklung, des Verhaltens und der Fertilität bei Tieren unter der Einwirkung der Phytoöstrogene ist bekannt. Die Feminisierung bei Menschen kann im Einzelfall geringfügig und nur statistisch in größeren Kontingenten nachweisbar sein.
Keywords: menopause; nutrition; phytoestrogens; soy.
Similar articles
-
NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the developmental toxicity of soy infant formula.Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2011 Oct;92(5):421-68. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20314. Epub 2011 Sep 21. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2011. PMID: 21948615
-
[High intake of phytoestrogens and precocious thelarche: case report with a possible correlation].Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007 Apr;51(3):500-3. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302007000300021. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007. PMID: 17546252 Portuguese.
-
[Phytoestrogens and soy foods in infants and children: caution is needed].Arch Pediatr. 2006 Jul;13(7):1091-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2005.11.026. Arch Pediatr. 2006. PMID: 16862658 French. No abstract available.
-
Soy infant formula and phytoestrogens.J Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Aug;39(6):401-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2003.00178.x. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003. PMID: 12919490 Review.
-
Phytoestrogens and other botanicals: on the problems of evidence-based evaluation.Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2013 Apr;8(1):67-71. doi: 10.2174/18722083113079990009. Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2013. PMID: 23514086 Review.
Cited by 4 articles
-
Toxicogenomic analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data can predict food, drugs, and chemical-induced asthma.Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2019 Aug 26;12:181-199. doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S217535. eCollection 2019. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2019. PMID: 31692590 Free PMC article.
-
Soy Isoflavones in Integrative Oncology: Increased Efficacy and Decreased Toxicity of Cancer Therapy.Integr Cancer Ther. 2019 Jan-Dec;18:1534735419835310. doi: 10.1177/1534735419835310. Integr Cancer Ther. 2019. PMID: 30897972 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The Effect of Whey and Soy Protein Isolates on Cognitive Function in Older Australians with Low Vitamin B12: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial.Nutrients. 2018 Dec 21;11(1):19. doi: 10.3390/nu11010019. Nutrients. 2018. PMID: 30577611 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Danshen enhanced the estrogenic effects of Qing E formula in ovariectomized rats.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jun 23;16:181. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1146-5. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016. PMID: 27339619 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Patisaul HB, Jefferson W. The pros and cons of phytoestrogens. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2010 Oct;31(4):400–419. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003. - DOI - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- Barnes S. The biochemistry, chemistry and physiology of the isoflavones in soybeans and their food products. Lymphat Res Biol. 2010 Mar;8(1):89–98. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2009.0030. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/lrb.2009.0030. - DOI - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- Nestel PJ, Pomeroy S, Kay S, Komesaroff P, Behrsing J, Cameron JD, West L. Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Mar;84(3):895–898. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.3.5561. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.3.5561. - DOI - DOI - PubMed
-
- Cederroth CR, Zimmermann C, Nef S. Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 May;355(2):192–200. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.049. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.049. - DOI - DOI - PubMed
-
- Baber R. Phytoestrogens and post reproductive health. Maturitas. 2010 Aug;66(4):344–349. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.03.023. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.03.023. - DOI - DOI - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
