The rat and especially a number of inbred rat strains are very well suited for modeling multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the model of MS, can be induced by active or passive immunization. Active immunization can be performed with different myelin proteins or peptides thereof. Passive immunization is performed by transfer of myelin-specific T cells. Most known is EAE induced with myelin basic protein (MBP) in LEW (RT1(l)) rats that results in monophasic disease and EAE induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in DA (RT1(av1)) rats that leads to relapsing remitting or chronic disease. Depending on the selected inbred rat strain, the immunogen and adjuvant used, different disease courses and pathologies can be induced that mimic different aspects of MS.