Background: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates is well known, both in occupational and in non-occupational settings. Contact hypersensitivity to electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes containing (meth)acrylates is rarely reported.
Objective: To report the first case of contact dermatitis caused by acrylic acid impurity in ECG electrodes.
Materials and methods: Patch tests were performed with separate components of electrodes and some (meth)acrylates. This was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography of electrode hydrogel.
Results: The patient was contact-allergic to electrode hydrogel but not to its separate constituents. Positive reactions were observed to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Subsequent analysis showed that the electrode hydrogel contained acrylic acid as an impurity. The latter was subsequently patch tested, with a positive result.
Conclusion: The sensitization resulting from direct contact with ECG electrodes was caused by acrylic acid, present as an impurity in ECG electrodes. Positive reactions to 2-HEMA, 2-HPMA and EGDMA are considered to be cross-reactions.
Keywords: ECG electrodes; acrylates; acrylic acid; allergic contact dermatitis; high-performance liquid chromatography; hydrogel; methacrylates; patch test.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.