Intestinal failure is defined as the reduction of a functional gut mass below the minimal necessary for adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients and fluids. Intestinal failure is the final result of a number of different causes, being short bowel syndrome the most recognized. Its prevalence is low, but the impact in quality of life among patients and their families is critical. Furthermore, is associated with high economic costs, both for the patient and the health provider. Its main feature is the need for long-term parenteral nutritional support with high morbidity and mortality associated complications, such as line-derived bloodstream infections and liver disease. The management of these patients should be performed by a multidisciplinary team, and be aimed at promoting adaptation and recovery of bowel function to achieve intestinal autonomy.