Increased migration of olfactory ensheathing cells secreting the Nogo receptor ectodomain over inhibitory substrates and lesioned spinal cord

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Jul;72(14):2719-37. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-1869-3. Epub 2015 Feb 24.

Abstract

Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation emerged some years ago as a promising therapeutic strategy to repair injured spinal cord. However, inhibitory molecules are present for long periods of time in lesioned spinal cord, inhibiting both OEC migration and axonal regrowth. Two families of these molecules, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) and myelin-derived inhibitors (MAIs), are able to trigger inhibitory responses in lesioned axons. Mounting evidence suggests that OEC migration is inhibited by myelin. Here we demonstrate that OEC migration is largely inhibited by CSPGs and that inhibition can be overcome by the bacterial enzyme Chondroitinase ABC. In parallel, we have generated a stable OEC cell line overexpressing the Nogo receptor (NgR) ectodomain to reduce MAI-associated inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that engineered cells migrate longer distances than unmodified OECs over myelin or oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp)-coated substrates. In addition, they also show improved migration in lesioned spinal cord. Our results provide new insights toward the improvement of the mechanisms of action and optimization of OEC-based cell therapy for spinal cord lesion.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Axons / metabolism
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Cell Movement / physiology
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / pharmacology
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • GPI-Linked Proteins / genetics
  • GPI-Linked Proteins / metabolism
  • Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
  • Myelin Proteins / genetics
  • Myelin Proteins / metabolism*
  • Myelin Sheath / metabolism*
  • Nerve Regeneration / physiology*
  • Neuroglia / metabolism
  • Neuroglia / physiology*
  • Nogo Receptor 1
  • Olfactory Bulb / cytology
  • Oligodendrocyte-Myelin Glycoprotein / pharmacology
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Rats
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / genetics
  • Spinal Cord Injuries / therapy
  • Time-Lapse Imaging

Substances

  • Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
  • GPI-Linked Proteins
  • Myelin Proteins
  • Nogo Receptor 1
  • Oligodendrocyte-Myelin Glycoprotein
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Rtn4r protein, rat