The mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension: a review

J Hypertens. 2015 May;33(5):912-20. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000551.

Abstract

We are currently in the midst of an epidemic of metabolic disorders, which may, in part, be explained by excess fructose intake. This theory is supported by epidemiological observations as well as experimental studies in animals and humans. Rising consumption of fructose has been matched with growing rates of hypertension, leading to concern from public health experts. At this stage, the mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension have not been fully characterized and the bulk of our knowledge is derived from animal models. Animal studies have shown that high-fructose diets up-regulate sodium and chloride transporters, resulting in a state of salt overload that increases blood pressure. Excess fructose has also been found to activate vasoconstrictors, inactivate vasodilators, and over-stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. Further work is required to determine the relevance of these findings to humans and to establish the level at which dietary fructose increases the risk of developing hypertension.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects*
  • Dietary Sucrose / adverse effects
  • Dietary Sucrose / pharmacology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fructose / adverse effects
  • Fructose / pharmacology*
  • High Fructose Corn Syrup / adverse effects
  • High Fructose Corn Syrup / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / chemically induced*
  • Ion Pumps / drug effects*
  • Ion Pumps / metabolism
  • Sodium Chloride / metabolism*
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Vasodilation / drug effects

Substances

  • Dietary Sucrose
  • High Fructose Corn Syrup
  • Ion Pumps
  • Fructose
  • Sodium Chloride