A series of novel C-aryl glucosides with substituents at the 3'-position or cyclization at 3', 4'-positions of the distal aryl ring were designed and synthesized, which might decrease the oxidative metabolism of dapagliflozin. Preliminary evaluation for hypoglycemic effect and the risk of hypoglycemia were carried out both in normal and in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 19a exerted potency-similarity with dapagliflozin and triggered the hypoglycemic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, compound 19a, even at the high dose of 10 mg/kg, revealed a low risk of hypoglycemia. In further studies, 19a exhibited sustained antihyperglycemic effect without particular side-effects in 30-day chronic diabetic mice studies. Moreover, histological changes in the pancreas of diabetic mice indicated 19a might protect pancreatic β-cell from apoptosis by reducing the damage of glucotoxicity. All of these results demonstrated that compound 19a, with excellent in vivo pharmacological activity and safety profile, was considered to be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: C-aryl glucosides; blood glucose; diabetes; sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter; urinary glucose.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.