To investigate the serum concentrations of 11 heavy metals and trace elements in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 369 women (including 96 patients with PCOS) were studied. No differences with statistical significance in the median barium, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, gallium, strontium, and vanadium concentrations were observed between the patients with PCOS and the control group. Serum nickel (Ni) (P = 0.000) and copper (Cu) (P = 0.000) levels were significantly higher, but zinc (Zn) levels (P = 0.009) were significantly lower in patients with PCOS compared with the control group. The results of the association between metal levels and hormone levels indicated that Ni, Cu, and Zn may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS related with reproductive hormone levels. The findings in the present study should be investigated with further trials in order to obtain new insights into PCOS.