Fluoxetine prevents respiratory arrest without enhancing ventilation in DBA/1 mice

Abstract

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a fatal epileptic event. DBA/1 mice are a relevant animal model for the study of SUDEP, as these mice exhibit seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) leading to death, which has been observed in patients with witnessed SUDEP. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reduces S-IRA in DBA/1 mice. Given that DBA/1 mice with S-IRA can be resuscitated using a ventilator, we hypothesized that breathing stimulants can prevent S-IRA and that fluoxetine prevents S-IRA by enhancing ventilation in these mice. Spontaneous respiratory function in anesthetized or awake DBA/1 mice was examined using noninvasive plethysmography before and after administering fluoxetine or breathing stimulants, doxapram, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine (PK-THPP). The effects of these drugs on S-IRA in DBA/1 mice were tested. As reported previously, systemic administration of fluoxetine reduced S-IRA in awake DBA/1 mice, but fluoxetine in anesthetized and awake DBA/1 mice did not increase basal ventilation or the ventilatory response to 7% CO2. Both doxapram and PK-THPP increased ventilation in room air and in air+7% CO2 in anesthetized DBA/1 mice. However, neither of the breathing stimulants reduced the incidence of S-IRA. Our studies confirm that fluoxetine reduces S-IRA in DBA/1 mice without enhancing basal ventilation in the absence of seizures. Although breathing stimulants increased ventilation in the absence of seizures, they were ineffective in reducing S-IRA, indicating that drug-induced increases in ventilation are insufficient to compensate for S-IRA in DBA/1 mice.

Keywords: Breathing stimulants; SSRI; SUDEP; Seizure-induced respiratory arrest; Ventilation.