Adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with low pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A: The Indian Experience

Abstract

Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the association of low pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) with adverse pregnancy outcome.

Material and methods: A total of 1640 consecutive pregnant women between 9(+5) and 13(+6) weeks of pregnancy were recruited. One hundred and thirty women with PAPP-A levels < 0.4 multiple of median were followed till delivery and the outcome information was obtained for fetal loss, birthweight, growth restriction, preterm birth, reduced liquor and development of pre-eclampsia.

Results: During the study period, 130 (7.92%) women had low PAPP-A and were considered as cases and 200 women with normal PAPP-A were controls. Intrauterine growth restriction was observed in 28 (21.54%) cases as compared to 10 (5%) controls. Pre-eclampsia presented in 24 (18.46%) cases and in 18 (9%) controls. Twenty (15.38%) cases had preterm delivery compared to 12 (6%) controls. Fifty-six (43.08%) cases delivered low-birthweight babies compared to 22 (11%) controls. Thus, the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth and low birthweight was significantly more in the cases as compared to the control group.

Conclusions: PAPP-A is a valuable analyte for predicting risk of adverse pregnancy outcome and women with low serum PAPP-A levels would benefit from closer surveillance.

Keywords: fetal loss; intrauterine growth restriction; pre-eclampsia; pregnancy outcome; preterm birth.