Modifying effects of vitamin E on chlorpyrifos toxicity in atlantic salmon

PLoS One. 2015 Mar 16;10(3):e0119250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119250. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to elucidate how vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) may ameliorate the toxicity of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in Atlantic salmon. Freshly isolated hepatocytes were exposed to vitamin E, chlorpyrifos or a combination of vitamin E and chlorpyrifos (all 100 μM). Transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and metabolomics were used to screen for effects of vitamin E and chlorpyrifos. By introducing vitamin E, the number of upregulated transcripts induced by chlorpyrifos exposure was reduced from 941 to 626, while the number of downregulated transcripts was reduced from 901 to 742 compared to the control. Adding only vitamin E had no effect on the transcriptome. Jak-STAT signaling was the most significantly affected pathway by chlorpyrifos treatment according to the transcriptomics data. The metabolomics data showed that accumulation of multiple long chain fatty acids and dipeptides and amino acids in chlorpyrifos treated cells was partially alleviated by vitamin E treatment. Significant interaction effects between chlorpyrifos and vitamin E were seen for 15 metabolites, including 12 dipeptides. The antioxidant had relatively modest effects on chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress. By combining the two data sets, the study suggests that vitamin E supplementation prevents uptake and accumulation of fatty acids, and counteracts inhibited carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, this study shows that vitamin E only to a moderate degree modifies chlorpyrifos toxicity in Atlantic salmon liver cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology*
  • Carbohydrate Metabolism / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chlorpyrifos / toxicity*
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects*
  • Hepatocytes / drug effects*
  • Insecticides / toxicity*
  • Male
  • Metabolomics
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Salmo salar / genetics
  • Salmo salar / metabolism
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA
  • Vitamin E / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Insecticides
  • Vitamin E
  • Chlorpyrifos

Grants and funding

Norwegian Research Council Grant 200506/I30 http://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Home_page/1177315753906. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.