Wheezing and risk factors in the first year of life in Cantabria, Spain. The EISL study

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of wheezing during the first year of life in Cantabria, Spain and its associated risk factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in a representative sample of 958 infants in the first year of life, born in Cantabria. A previously validated and standardised written questionnaire was completed by the parents of infants seen between 12 and 15 months of age in the Primary Care Centres.

Results: The prevalence of wheezing was 32.7%. A relationship was found with male gender (OR 1.38, 95%CI [1.05-1.81]), the presence of a sibling (OR 2.43 [1.38-3.98]), attending nursery school (OR 2.40 [1.71-3.35]), exclusive breastfeeding for <3 months (OR 1.47 [1.12-1.93]), a first cold at ≤3 months (OR 2.07 [1.56-2.74]), asthma in siblings (OR 2.17 [1.25-3.77]), parental allergic rhinitis (OR 1.62 [1.10-2.37]) and paracetamol use >1 a week (OR 2.49 [1.31-4.73]), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 2.18 [1.51-3.15]). The prevalence of recurrent wheezing (≥3 episodes) was 14.3%. Significant associations were observed with the male gender (OR 1.79 [1.23-2.60]), attending nursery school (OR 2.92 [1.96-4.35]), first cold at ≤3 months (OR 2.11 [1.46-3.04]), eczema (OR 1.92 [1.21-3.04]), maternal asthma (OR 1.77 [1.00-3.14]), exclusive breastfeeding for <3 months (OR 1.53 [1.06-2.22]), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.53 [1.05-2.22]).

Conclusions: One third of the infants experienced wheezing during the first year of life; those who were less exclusively breastfed, attended nursery school, presented eczema, family asthma or allergic rhinitis, and maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Keywords: Asthma; EISL; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Recurrent wheeze; Wheezing; Wheezing in infants.