Use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a prognostic indicator of acute kidney transplant rejection

Jingmao Chi; Thet Zaw; Iliana Cardona; Mujtaba Hosnain; Neha Garg; Heather R Lefkowitz; Peter Tolias; Henry Du

doi:10.1364/BOE.6.000761

Use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a prognostic indicator of acute kidney transplant rejection

Biomed Opt Express. 2015 Feb 10;6(3):761-9. doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.000761. eCollection 2015 Mar 1.

Authors

Jingmao Chi¹, Thet Zaw², Iliana Cardona², Mujtaba Hosnain², Neha Garg², Heather R Lefkowitz², Peter Tolias³, Henry Du¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
² Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, 07112, USA.
³ Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.

Abstract

We report an early, noninvasive and rapid prognostic method of predicting potential acute kidney dysfunction using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Our analysis was performed on urine samples collected prospectively from 58 kidney transplant patients using a He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) as the excitation source. All abnormal kidney function episodes (three acute rejections and two acute kidney failures that were eventually diagnosed independently by clinical biopsy) consistently exhibited unique SERS spectral features in just one day following the transplant surgery. These results suggested that SERS analysis provides an early and more specific indication to kidney function than the clinically used biomarker, serum creatinine (sCr).

Keywords: (160.4236) Nanomaterials; (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics; (240.6695) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering.