Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) constitute an independent biomarker of cardiovascular morbi-mortality. However, recent advances have drastically modified the classical and limited view of HDL as a carrier of 'good cholesterol', and have revealed unexpected levels of complexity in the circulating HDL particle pool. HDL particles are indeed highly heterogeneous in structure, intravascular metabolism and biological activity. This review describes recent progress in our understanding of HDL subpopulations and their biological activities, and focuses on relationships between the structural, compositional and functional heterogeneity of HDL particles.
Keywords:
HDL subpopulations; HDL-C; functionality.
© 2015 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / classification
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / metabolism*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
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Antioxidants / classification
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Antioxidants / metabolism*
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Antioxidants / pharmacology
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Apolipoprotein A-I / genetics
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Apolipoprotein A-I / metabolism
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Biomarkers / metabolism
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Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics
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Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism*
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Cardiovascular Diseases / pathology
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Cardiovascular System / drug effects
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Cardiovascular System / metabolism
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Cardiovascular System / pathology
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Cholesterol, HDL / classification
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Cholesterol, HDL / metabolism*
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Cholesterol, HDL / pharmacology
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Cytoprotection
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Fibrinolytic Agents / classification
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Fibrinolytic Agents / metabolism*
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Fibrinolytic Agents / pharmacology
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / genetics
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
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Vasodilator Agents / classification
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Vasodilator Agents / metabolism*
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Vasodilator Agents / pharmacology
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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Antioxidants
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Apolipoprotein A-I
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Biomarkers
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Cholesterol, HDL
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Fibrinolytic Agents
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Vasodilator Agents
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt