Vibratory stimulation increases interleukin-1 beta secretion during orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli on interleukin (IL)-1β secretion during maxillary canine distalization.

Materials and methods: Split-mouth design study in 15 subjects (mean age, 22.9 years; range 19-25 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine distalization. On the experimental side, light force (60 g) was applied to the canine for 3 months in combination with vibratory stimuli provided using an electric toothbrush 15 minutes a day for 2 months; only orthodontic force was applied to the contralateral control canine. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the mesial and distal sides of each canine at each monthly appointment. IL-1β levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Canine movement was measured monthly.

Results: Overall, enhanced IL-1β secretion was observed at the pressure sites of experimental canines compared to control canines (mean, 0.64 ± 0.33 pg/µL vs 0.10 ± 0.11 pg/µL, respectively, P < .001). The accumulative amount of tooth movement was greater for the experimental canine than for the control canine (mean, 2.85 ± 0.17 mm vs 1.77 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P < .001).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that, in combination with light orthodontic force, application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush enhanced the secretion of IL-1β in GCF and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.

Keywords: Accelerated tooth movement; Bone remodeling; Cytokines; Light force; Tooth vibration.

Figure 1.

(A, B) Illustration of the mechanics employed for canine distalization; 60 g force was applied to both the control and experimental canines. (C) Application of vibratory stimuli to the canine on the experimental side using an electric toothbrush. (D) Images of the experimental (left) and control (right) sides in a representative case at T3.

Figure 2.

Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) IL-1β concentrations at the pressure sites (A) and tension sites (B) of the control and experimental sides (* Significant difference; Wilcoxon signed rank test).

Figure 3.

Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) IL-1β concentrations of the control side (A) and the experimental side (B) at the pressure sites and tension sites (* Significant difference; Wilcoxon signed rank test).

Figure 4.

Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) amount of canine movement on the control and experimental sides (* Significant difference; Wilcoxon signed rank test).