Cardiac risk stratification and protection

Surg Clin North Am. 2015 Apr;95(2):217-35. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.11.007. Epub 2015 Jan 10.

Abstract

The goal of preoperative cardiac evaluation is to screen for undiagnosed cardiac disease or to find evidence of known conditions that are poorly controlled to allow management that reduces the risk of perioperative cardiac complications. A careful history and physical examination combined with the procedure-specific risk is the cornerstone of this assessment. This article reviews a brief history of prior cardiac risk stratification indexes, explores current practice guidelines by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association Task Force, reviews current methods for preoperative evaluation, discusses revascularization options, and evaluates perioperative medication recommendations.

Keywords: Cardiac evaluation; Cardiac risk assessment; Preoperative evaluation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / therapeutic use
  • Algorithms
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Heart Function Tests
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Myocardial Revascularization
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Preoperative Care*
  • Risk Assessment

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors