The article presents data about world spread of Ebola virus disease, biological characteristics of the pathogen, the laws of the epidemic process in this disease, its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Pointed out that the current anti-viral agents, effective for the Ebola virus, have not been developed. Timely performed pathogenetic therapy improves the prognosis of the disease. The basis of this therapy is infusion-detoxification activities and replenishment of losses, of electrolytes, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-emetic drugs. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation received the guidelines for preventive measure that can reduce Ebola virus disease transmission. Recommendations for emergency anti-epidemic commission consisted of representatives of the command, specialists and medical services and logistics, are given. Fundamentally important condition for the effective anti-epidemic measures is not only the constant readiness of medical personnel in the detection of disease EVD, but also the appropriate level of equipment of medical institutions of medical supplies and equipment.