Tunable and mode-locked laser operation near 2 µm based on different Tm-doped YAG ceramics, 4 at.% and 10 at.%, is demonstrated. Several designs of GaSb-based surface-quantum-well SESAMs are characterized and studied as saturable absorbers for mode-locking. Best mode-locking performance was achieved using an antireflection-coated near-surface quantum-well SESAM, resulting in a pulse duration of ~3 ps and ~150 mW average output power at 89 MHz. All mode-locked Tm:YAG ceramic lasers operated at 2012 nm, with over 133 nm demonstrated tuning for continuous-wave operation.