SLM produced porous titanium implant improvements for enhanced vascularization and osteoblast seeding

Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Apr 2;16(4):7478-92. doi: 10.3390/ijms16047478.

Abstract

To improve well-known titanium implants, pores can be used for increasing bone formation and close bone-implant interface. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) enables the production of any geometry and was used for implant production with 250-µm pore size. The used pore size supports vessel ingrowth, as bone formation is strongly dependent on fast vascularization. Additionally, proangiogenic factors promote implant vascularization. To functionalize the titanium with proangiogenic factors, polycaprolactone (PCL) coating can be used. The following proangiogenic factors were examined: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12). As different surfaces lead to different cell reactions, titanium and PCL coating were compared. The growing into the porous titanium structure of primary osteoblasts was examined by cross sections. Primary osteoblasts seeded on the different surfaces were compared using Live Cell Imaging (LCI). Cross sections showed cells had proliferated, but not migrated after seven days. Although the cell count was lower on titanium PCL implants in LCI, the cell count and cell spreading area development showed promising results for titanium PCL implants. HMGB1 showed the highest migration capacity for stimulating the endothelial cell line. Future perspective would be the incorporation of HMGB1 into PCL polymer for the realization of a slow factor release.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Vessels / drug effects*
  • Blood Vessels / metabolism
  • Cell Adhesion / drug effects
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chemokine CXCL12 / metabolism
  • Endothelial Cells / drug effects
  • Endothelial Cells / metabolism
  • Freezing
  • HMGB1 Protein / metabolism
  • Lasers
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic / drug effects*
  • Osteoblasts / drug effects*
  • Osteoblasts / metabolism
  • Osteogenesis / drug effects*
  • Polyesters / chemistry
  • Polymers / chemistry
  • Porosity
  • Prostheses and Implants
  • Surface Properties
  • Titanium / administration & dosage*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism

Substances

  • Chemokine CXCL12
  • HMGB1 Protein
  • Polyesters
  • Polymers
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • polycaprolactone
  • Titanium