Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly characterised by the inflammation of exocrine glands; however, a broad spectrum of systemic manifestations may characterise the disease. Recently, pSS has been the object of considerable immunologic and clinical research which has led to significant advances in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment and management of the disease. Herewith, we provide a critical digest of the recent literature on this topic.