Cellular Uptake of Thyroid Hormones

Theo J Visser

Cellular Uptake of Thyroid Hormones

Review

In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000.

2016 Jun 15.

Author

Theo J Visser¹

Book Editors

Kenneth R Feingold¹, Robert A. Adler², S. Faisal Ahmed³, Bradley Anawalt⁴, Marc R Blackman⁵, George Chrousos⁶, Emiliano Corpas⁷, Wouter W de Herder⁸, Ketan Dhatariya⁹, Kathleen Dungan¹⁰, Emma Hamilton¹¹, Johannes Hofland¹², Suzanne Jan de Beur¹³, Sanjay Kalra¹⁴, Gregory Kaltsas¹⁵, Nitin Kapoor¹⁶, Matthew Kim¹⁷, Christian Koch¹⁸, Peter Kopp¹⁹, Márta Korbonits²⁰, Christopher S Kovacs²¹, Wendy Kuohung²², Blandine Laferrère²³, Miles Levy²⁴, Elizabeth A McGee²⁵, Robert McLachlan²⁶, Radhika Muzumdar²⁷, Jonathan Purnell²⁸, Rodolfo Rey²⁹, Rakesh Sahay³⁰, Amy S Shah³¹, Mark A Sperling³², Constantine A Stratakis³³, Dace L Trence³⁴, Don P Wilson³⁵

Affiliation

¹ Department of Internal Medicine III Erasmus University Medical School Molewater Plein 50 Dr. 3015 GE, Rotterdam THE NETHERLANDS Tel: 011-31-10-463-5463 Fax: 011-31-10-463-5430

Book Affiliations

¹ Professor of Medicine Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco, CA
² Chief of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Professor of Internal Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University.
³ Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
⁴ Chief of Medicine at the University of Washington Medical Center and Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Medicine, University of Washington
⁵ Sr. Physician Scientist, Washington DC VA Medical Center; Professor of Medicine & Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University; Clinical Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University; and Professor of Medicine (Part-time), Johns Hopkins University
⁶ Professor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
⁷ M.D. Ph.D in Gerontology. Honorary Professor of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid. Consultant in Endocrinology, Hospital HLA Guadalajara (Spain).
⁸ Professor of Endocrine Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
⁹ Consultant in Diabetes, Endocrinology and General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
¹⁰ Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University
¹¹ Consultant Endocrinologist at Fiona Stanley (FSH) and Fremantle Hospitals (FH) in Perth, Western Australia
¹² Consultant Endocrinologist, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
¹³ Professor of Endocrinology and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
¹⁴ Consultant Endocrinologist, Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
¹⁵ Professor of General Medicine-Endocrinology, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
¹⁶ Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
¹⁷ Clinical Director of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. 18. Professor, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, and University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL.
¹⁸ Professor, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
¹⁹ Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
²⁰ Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre Lead for Endocrinology and Deputy Institute Director, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
²¹ University Research Professor and Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Obstetrics & Gynecology, and BioMedical Sciences, at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.
²² Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at Boston Medical Center and an Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Boston University School of Medicine
²³ Professor of Medicine, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
²⁴ Consultant endocrinologist at University Hospitals of Leicester and Honorary Associate Professor at Leicester University
²⁵ Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Vermont and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Burlington, Vermont
²⁶ Director of Clinical Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Consultant Endocrinologist, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
²⁷ Allan L. Drash Endowed Chair, Chief, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Professor of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
²⁸ Professor of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute and the Division of Endocrinology, and Associate Director, Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
²⁹ Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires; and Departamento de Histología, Biología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
³⁰ Professor and Head of Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
³¹ Professor of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
³² Professorial Lecturer, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Emeritus Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh.
³³ CSO, ELPEN, Inc. & Director, Research Institute, Athens, Greece & Senior Investigator, Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, FORTH (ITE), Heraklion, Greece. Emeritus Scientific Director & Senior Investigator, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
³⁴ Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
³⁵ Endowed Chair, Cardiovascular Health and Risk Prevention, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX

PMID: 25905420
Bookshelf ID: NBK285565

Excerpt

The biological activity of thyroid hormone (TH) is regulated at the target tissue level by two important processes, i.e. deiodination and plasma membrane transport. The first process involves the expression of the deiodinase D2, which converts the prohormone T4 to bioactive T3, and/or of the deiodinase D3 which converts both T4 and T3 to inactive metabolites. Intracellular metabolism and action of TH in target cells as well as transcellular TH transport across, for instance, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the intestinal wall depends on the expression of transporters facilitating uptake and/or efflux of iodothyronines.

Recently, several important TH transporters have been identified, including monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), MCT10 and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1). The physiological relevance of MCT8 has been demonstrated in studies of male patients with the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, characterized by severe psychomotor retardation and abnormal TH levels caused by hemizygous mutations of the X-linked MCT8 gene. In human brain, MCT8 appears to be important in particular for T4 and T3 transport across the BBB and for T3 uptake in neurons, whereas OATP1C1 is predominantly involved in T4 uptake in astrocytes to allow its conversion to T3 by D2 also expressed in these cells. MCT10 also transports aromatic amino acids and its physiological role in tissue TH transport remains to be established. For complete coverage of this and related areas of Endocrinology, visit our free web-book, www.thyroidmanager.org .

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