Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection with a mobile phone-mounted Foldscope and a reversed-lens CellScope in Ghana

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0741

. 2015 Jun;92(6):1253-6.

doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0741. Epub 2015 Apr 27.

Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection with a mobile phone-mounted Foldscope and a reversed-lens CellScope in Ghana

Richard K D Ephraim¹, Evans Duah¹, James S Cybulski¹, Manu Prakash¹, Michael V D'Ambrosio¹, Daniel A Fletcher¹, Jennifer Keiser¹, Jason R Andrews¹, Isaac I Bogoch²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
² Division of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada isaac.bogoch@uhn.ca.

PMID: 25918211
PMCID: PMC4458833
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0741

Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection with a mobile phone-mounted Foldscope and a reversed-lens CellScope in Ghana

Richard K D Ephraim et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Jun.

. 2015 Jun;92(6):1253-6.

doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0741. Epub 2015 Apr 27.

Authors

Richard K D Ephraim¹, Evans Duah¹, James S Cybulski¹, Manu Prakash¹, Michael V D'Ambrosio¹, Daniel A Fletcher¹, Jennifer Keiser¹, Jason R Andrews¹, Isaac I Bogoch²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
² Division of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada isaac.bogoch@uhn.ca.

PMID: 25918211
PMCID: PMC4458833
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0741

Abstract

We evaluated two novel, portable microscopes and locally acquired, single-ply, paper towels as filter paper for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection. The mobile phone-mounted Foldscope and reversed-lens CellScope had sensitivities of 55.9% and 67.6%, and specificities of 93.3% and 100.0%, respectively, compared with conventional light microscopy for diagnosing S. haematobium infection. With conventional light microscopy, urine filtration using single-ply paper towels as filter paper showed a sensitivity of 67.6% and specificity of 80.0% compared with centrifugation for the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection. With future improvements to diagnostic sensitivity, newer generation handheld and mobile phone microscopes may be valuable tools for global health applications.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
A mobile phone-mounted Foldscope (A), and reversed-lens CellScope (B). *Schistosoma haematobium* ova visualized by a mobile phone-mounted Foldscope after centrifugation (C), reversed-lens CellScope after centrifugation (D), conventional microscopy after centrifugation (E), and conventional microscopy after filtration with single-ply paper towel (F). Reference bars = ∼100 μm.

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References

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[1] Petti CA, Polage CR, Quinn TC, Ronald AR, Sande MA. Laboratory medicine in Africa: a barrier to effective health care. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:377–382. - PubMed

[2] Petti CA, Polage CR, Quinn TC, Ronald AR, Sande MA. Laboratory medicine in Africa: a barrier to effective health care. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:377–382. - PubMed

[3] Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet. 2006;367:1521–1532. - PubMed

[4] Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet. 2006;367:1521–1532. - PubMed

[5] Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM, King CH, Pearce EJ, Jacobson J. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1311–1321. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM, King CH, Pearce EJ, Jacobson J. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1311–1321. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Stothard JR, Kabatereine NB, Tukahebwa EM, Kazibwe F, Mathieson W, Webster JP, Fenwick A. Field evaluation of the Meade Readiview handheld microscope for diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan school children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:949–955. - PubMed

[8] Stothard JR, Kabatereine NB, Tukahebwa EM, Kazibwe F, Mathieson W, Webster JP, Fenwick A. Field evaluation of the Meade Readiview handheld microscope for diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan school children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:949–955. - PubMed

[9] Stothard JR, Nabatte B, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Kabatereine NB. Towards malaria microscopy at the point-of-contact: an assessment of the diagnostic performance of the Newton Nm1 microscope in Uganda. Parasitology. 2014;141:1–7. - PubMed

[10] Stothard JR, Nabatte B, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Kabatereine NB. Towards malaria microscopy at the point-of-contact: an assessment of the diagnostic performance of the Newton Nm1 microscope in Uganda. Parasitology. 2014;141:1–7. - PubMed

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Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection with a mobile phone-mounted Foldscope and a reversed-lens CellScope in Ghana

Affiliations

Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection with a mobile phone-mounted Foldscope and a reversed-lens CellScope in Ghana

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