Postoperative pneumoperitoneum: is it normal or pathologic?

J Surg Res. 2015 Jul;197(1):107-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.083. Epub 2015 Apr 1.

Abstract

Background: Pneumoperitoneum on computed tomography (CT) after abdominal surgery is common, but its incidence, duration, and clinical significance is widely debated.

Materials and methods: A retrospective, cohort study of patients who underwent abdominal CT within 30 days of abdominal surgery.

Results: Among 344 patients, pneumoperitoneum was found in 39% (135/344) of patients on postoperative days 0-6 in 53%, 7-13 in 41%, 14-20 in 23%, 21-27 in 13%, and 28-30 in 0%. Pneumoperitoneum was associated with the presence of a drain (P = 0.014) but not with age, gender, body mass index, smoking history, lung disease, or open versus laparoscopic surgery (P > 0.05 for all variables). Eight patients required intervention (6%), most commonly for anastomotic leak (4 patients, 50%).

Conclusions: Postoperative pneumoperitoneum on abdominal CT can be seen in up to 23% of patients 3-weeks postoperatively; however, only 6% of the patients required intervention emphasizing the typically benign consequences of postoperative free air.

Keywords: Free air; Pneumoperitoneum; Postoperative.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cohort Studies
  • Colorado
  • Female
  • Hospitals, University
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pneumoperitoneum / diagnostic imaging
  • Pneumoperitoneum / epidemiology*
  • Pneumoperitoneum / etiology
  • Pneumoperitoneum / surgery
  • Postoperative Complications / diagnostic imaging
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / surgery
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed*