Assembly of a comprehensive regulatory network for the mammalian circadian clock: a bioinformatics approach

PLoS One. 2015 May 6;10(5):e0126283. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126283. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

By regulating the timing of cellular processes, the circadian clock provides a way to adapt physiology and behaviour to the geophysical time. In mammals, a light-entrainable master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls peripheral clocks that are present in virtually every body cell. Defective circadian timing is associated with several pathologies such as cancer and metabolic and sleep disorders. To better understand the circadian regulation of cellular processes, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline encompassing the analysis of high-throughput data sets and the exploitation of published knowledge by text-mining. We identified 118 novel potential clock-regulated genes and integrated them into an existing high-quality circadian network, generating the to-date most comprehensive network of circadian regulated genes (NCRG). To validate particular elements in our network, we assessed publicly available ChIP-seq data for BMAL1, REV-ERBα/β and RORα/γ proteins and found strong evidence for circadian regulation of Elavl1, Nme1, Dhx6, Med1 and Rbbp7 all of which are involved in the regulation of tumourigenesis. Furthermore, we identified Ncl and Ddx6, as targets of RORγ and REV-ERBα, β, respectively. Most interestingly, these genes were also reported to be involved in miRNA regulation; in particular, NCL regulates several miRNAs, all involved in cancer aggressiveness. Thus, NCL represents a novel potential link via which the circadian clock, and specifically RORγ, regulates the expression of miRNAs, with particular consequences in breast cancer progression. Our findings bring us one step forward towards a mechanistic understanding of mammalian circadian regulation, and provide further evidence of the influence of circadian deregulation in cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Circadian Clocks / genetics*
  • Circadian Clocks / physiology
  • Computational Biology / methods
  • Data Mining
  • Gene Ontology
  • Gene Regulatory Networks*
  • Humans
  • Mammals / genetics
  • Mammals / physiology
  • Molecular Sequence Annotation
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / physiopathology
  • Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / physiology

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the BMBF (eBio-CIRSPLICE grant to AR LF MA, eBio-OncoPath grant to LS, UL) and graduate school SOAMED (PT), the Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (BSIO) of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (LF) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 618/ A4). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.