Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) release from intracellular stores controls numerous cellular processes, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction, synaptic transmission and metabolism. The ryanodine receptors (RyRs: RyR1, RyR2, RyR3) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs: IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3) are the major Ca(2+) release channels (CRCs) on the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). RyRs and IP3Rs comprise macromolecular signaling complexes that include modulatory proteins which regulate channel activity in response to extracellular signals resulting in intracellular Ca(2+) release. Here we focus on the roles of CRCs in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, metabolism, and aging.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Aging / physiology*
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Brain / metabolism
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Brain / pathology
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Brain / physiopathology*
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Energy Metabolism / physiology*
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Humans
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors / metabolism
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors / physiology*
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Intracellular Space / metabolism
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Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
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Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
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Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology*
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Protein Isoforms / metabolism
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Protein Isoforms / physiology
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Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / metabolism
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Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / physiology*
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism
Substances
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
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Protein Isoforms
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Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel