"Hit-and-run": Transcription factors get caught in the act

Bioessays. 2015 Jul;37(7):748-54. doi: 10.1002/bies.201400186. Epub 2015 May 21.

Abstract

A key challenge for understanding transcriptional regulation is being able to measure transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding events with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution; that is, when and where TFs occupy their cognate sites. A recent study by Para et al. has highlighted the dynamics underlying the activation of gene expression by a master regulator TF. This study provides concrete evidence for a long-standing hypothesis in biology, the "hit-and-run" mechanism, which was first proposed decades ago. That is, gene expression is dynamically controlled by a TF that transiently binds and activates a target gene, which might stay in a transcriptionally active state after the initial binding event has ended. Importantly, the experimental procedure introduced, TARGET, provides a useful way for identifying multiple target genes transiently bound by their regulators, which can be used in conjunction with other well-established methods to improve our understanding of transcriptional regulatory dynamics.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; ChIP-seq; bZIP1; nitrogen; transcription; transcriptome.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Binding Sites
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Humans
  • Protein Binding
  • Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
  • Transcription Factors / physiology*

Substances

  • Transcription Factors