Source-Sink Colonization as a Possible Strategy of Insects Living in Temporary Habitats

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 5;10(6):e0127743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127743. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Continuous colonization and re-colonization is critical for survival of insect species living in temporary habitats. When insect populations in temporary habitats are depleted, some species may escape extinction by surviving in permanent, but less suitable habitats, in which long-term population survival can be maintained only by immigration from other populations. Such situation has been repeatedly described in nature, but conditions when and how this occurs and how important this phenomenon is for insect metapopulation survival are still poorly known, mainly because it is difficult to study experimentally. Therefore, we used a simulation model to investigate, how environmental stochasticity, growth rate and the incidence of dispersal affect the positive effect of permanent but poor ("sink") habitats on the likelihood of metapopulation persistence in a network of high quality but temporary ("source") habitats. This model revealed that permanent habitats substantially increase the probability of metapopulation persistence of insect species with poor dispersal ability if the availability of temporary habitats is spatio-temporally synchronized. Addition of permanent habitats to a system sometimes enabled metapopulation persistence even in cases in which the metapopulation would otherwise go extinct, especially for species with high growth rates. For insect species with low growth rates the probability of a metapopulation persistence strongly depended on the proportions of "source" to "source" and "sink" to "source" dispersal rates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ecosystem
  • Insecta / physiology*
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Population Dynamics

Grants and funding

PK was funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (www.gacr.cz) grant No. 14-36098G. JF was funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (www.gacr.cz) grant No. 526/98/P156, by Ministry of Education (www.msmt.cz) grant No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0073 and by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (www.daad.de) fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.