Robotic Shaving Technique in 25 Patients Affected by Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis of the Rectovaginal Space

Abstract

Minimally invasive surgery represents the gold standard for the management of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) involving the rectovaginal septum (RVS). This analysis aimed to evaluate the feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) and clinical outcomes in terms of long-term complications, pain relief, and recurrence rate for the treatment of DIE of the RVS. A prospective cohort study of robotic procedures was performed between October 2010 and July 2014, including removal of endometriotic nodules from the RVS with rectal shaving alone or in combination with accessory procedures. In all cases, the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) score for endometriosis was >40 points (stage IV). Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent RAL, with a successful complete nodule debulking by the wall shaving technique. Pathology confirmed the adequacy of the surgical specimen and the median largest endometriotic nodule was of 21 mm (range, 10-60 mm), with free margins in all cases. The median operative time from skin opening to closure was 174 minutes (range, 75-300 minutes), and blood loss was close to 0 mL. The median revised Enzian score for location A (RVS) was 2 (range, 1-3). The most frequent Enzian class was A2B0C0 (48%), followed by A3B0C0 (12%). In 3 cases (12%), partial vaginal resection was required to remove endometriotic nodules of the RVS (1 each in classes A3B0C1FI, A3B0C0FO, and A3B0C0). No intraoperative complications occurred. This series has a median long-term follow up of 22 months (range, 6-50 months) currently available with an optimal operative time, demonstrating good long-term outcomes. Our data support robotics as a safe and attractive alternative for comprehensive surgical treatment of DIE.

Keywords: Deep infiltrating endometriosis; Endometriotic nodules; Rectovaginal septum; Robotic; Shaving.