Population-based surveillance during 2006-2013 showed that norovirus hospitalization rates among Bedouin (low-middle income settings) children <5 years old were 13.9/10,000 person-years compared with 7.1/10,000 among Jewish (high-income settings) children who were <5 years (rate ratio: 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.6-2.3). Differences were most prominent among infants (59.7 vs. 19.7/10,000, respectively; rate ratio: 3.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.5-3.8). GII.3 and GII.4 strains dominated (67%) in both populations.