Value of nonsurgical therapeutic management of stage I bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Abstract

There is still controversy about the best treatment strategy for patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) stage I. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of a nonsurgical treatment protocol in patients with BRONJ stage I. During the study period we included 17 patients (11 male; 6 female) who presented with a total of 24 separate areas of BRONJ, stage I. All patients were exclusively treated with a monthly intravenous regime of zoledronic acid due to an underlying malignant disease. All patients were treated using a standardized nonsurgical protocol consisting of antimicrobial mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.12%) three times a day, and daily CHX gel application. In 11 patients (45.8%) the surface area of the exposed jawbone was completely healed by nonsurgical treatment. In seven patients (29.2%), nonsurgical treatment reduced the size of the exposed bone area by a mean of 64.7% (range 20.0-96.8%). None of the patients showed an increase in size of the area of exposed jawbone, or a worsening of the BRONJ from stage I to stages II or III. However, the duration of nonsurgical treatment or the duration of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy did not significantly influence the treatment outcome (p = 0.6628, p = 0.6077, respectively). The results of the present study support the beneficial role of nonsurgical treatment in patients presenting with BRONJ stage I. Surgical therapy of BRONJ should be restricted to patients with advanced stages with clinical symptoms and local signs of infection.

Keywords: BRONJ; Bisphosphonate; Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; MRONJ; Nonsurgical; Therapy.