Perceived Gender Ratings for High and Low Scorers on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Consistent with the Extreme Male Brain Account of Autism

PLoS One. 2015 Jul 17;10(7):e0131780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131780. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

The Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory posits that autistic traits are linked to excessive exposure to testosterone in utero. While findings from a number of studies are consistent with this theory, other studies have produced contradictory results. For example, some findings suggest that rather than being linked to hypermasculinization for males, or defeminization for females, elevated levels of autistic traits are instead linked to more androgynous physical features. The current study provided further evidence relevant to the EMB and androgony positions by comparing groups of males selected for high or low scores on the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) as to the rated masculinity of their faces and voices, and comparable groups of females as to the rated femininity of their faces and voices. The voices of High-AQ males were rated as more masculine than those of Low-AQ males, while the faces of High-AQ females were rated as less feminine than those of Low-AQ females. There was no effect of AQ group on femininity ratings for female voices or on masculinity ratings for male faces. The results thus provide partial support for a link between high levels of autistic-like traits and hypermasculinization for males and defeminization for females, consistent with the EMB theory.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Auditory Perception
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / diagnosis*
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / psychology
  • Face
  • Female
  • Femininity
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Masculinity
  • Visual Perception
  • Voice
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This research was partly supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council project grant (#APP1003424) and an Australian Research Council Discovery grant (DP120104713). DWT is supported by the International Postgraduate Research Scholarship in Australia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.