Salidroside ameliorates cognitive impairment in a d-galactose-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Behav Brain Res. 2015 Oct 15:293:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.045. Epub 2015 Jul 17.

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible preventive effects of salidroside (sal) on a rat model of Alzheimer's disease and to explore its possible mechanism. Sub-acute aging was induced in male SD rats by subcutaneous injection of d-gal (120mg/kg) for 42 days, and the rats were treated with sal (20, 40mg/kg) or normal saline for 28 days after 14 days of d-gal injection. Morris water maze (MWM) test and step-down passive avoidance test were conducted to evaluate the cognitive function of the rats. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in hippocampus were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of sal. Further, we estimated the expression levels of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip/vitamin D3 up-regulated protein/thioredoxin binding protein-2), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9 and related-proteins of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by western blot assay. It showed that administration of sal significantly attenuated all the d-gal-induced changes in the hippocampus, including cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. These analytical results provides evidence that sal can improve cognitive capacity by inhibiting neuroinflammation and affecting apoptosis-related proteins in hippocampus.

Keywords: Anti-apoptosis; Anti-inflammation; Cognitive impairment; Sal.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / chemically induced*
  • Alzheimer Disease / complications*
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Animals
  • Carrier Proteins / metabolism
  • Caspase 9 / metabolism
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cognition Disorders / drug therapy*
  • Cognition Disorders / etiology*
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Down-Regulation / drug effects
  • Escape Reaction / drug effects
  • Galactose / toxicity*
  • Glucosides / therapeutic use*
  • Hippocampus / drug effects
  • Hippocampus / metabolism
  • Male
  • Maze Learning / drug effects
  • Phenols / therapeutic use*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Time Factors
  • Up-Regulation / drug effects
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Carrier Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cytokines
  • Glucosides
  • Phenols
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
  • TXNIP protein, rat
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein
  • Caspase 9
  • rhodioloside
  • Galactose