Efficient fdCas9 Synthetic Endonuclease with Improved Specificity for Precise Genome Engineering

PLoS One. 2015 Jul 30;10(7):e0133373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133373. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

The Cas9 endonuclease is used for genome editing applications in diverse eukaryotic species. A high frequency of off-target activity has been reported in many cell types, limiting its applications to genome engineering, especially in genomic medicine. Here, we generated a synthetic chimeric protein between the catalytic domain of the FokI endonuclease and the catalytically inactive Cas9 protein (fdCas9). A pair of guide RNAs (gRNAs) that bind to sense and antisense strands with a defined spacer sequence range can be used to form a catalytically active dimeric fdCas9 protein and generate double-strand breaks (DSBs) within the spacer sequence. Our data demonstrate an improved catalytic activity of the fdCas9 endonuclease, with a spacer range of 15-39 nucleotides, on surrogate reporters and genomic targets. Furthermore, we observed no detectable fdCas9 activity at known Cas9 off-target sites. Taken together, our data suggest that the fdCas9 endonuclease variant is a superior platform for genome editing applications in eukaryotic systems including mammalian cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Base Sequence
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems*
  • DNA End-Joining Repair
  • Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / chemistry
  • Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / genetics
  • Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / metabolism
  • Endonucleases / chemistry
  • Endonucleases / genetics
  • Endonucleases / metabolism*
  • Genetic Engineering / methods*
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Engineering / methods
  • RNA Editing
  • RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Substrate Specificity

Substances

  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Endonucleases
  • endodeoxyribonuclease FokI
  • Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific

Grants and funding

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology funded this study.