Cytokine measurements in gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal ligament: Are they correlated?

Davidson Fróis Madureira; Janine Mayra da Silva; Antônio Lúcio Teixeira; Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães Abreu; Henrique Pretti; Elizabeth Maria Bastos Lages; Tarcília Aparecida da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.03.030

Cytokine measurements in gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal ligament: Are they correlated?

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015 Aug;148(2):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.03.030.

Authors

Davidson Fróis Madureira¹, Janine Mayra da Silva¹, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira², Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães Abreu³, Henrique Pretti⁴, Elizabeth Maria Bastos Lages⁴, Tarcília Aparecida da Silva⁵

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate student, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biologic Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
² Associate professor, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Associate professor, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁴ Associate professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁵ Associate professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: tarcilia@ufmg.br.

PMID: 26232838
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.03.030

Abstract

Introduction: Mechanical stress can induce molecular changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the periodontal ligament (PDL). It is still not clear whether changes in the PDL and GCF are linked. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression of cytokines in GCF and PDL after mechanical stress.

Methods: Twenty-three healthy patients were included. The experimental group consisted of premolars subjected to a force of 0.980 N for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. The contralateral teeth were the controls. GCF and PDL samples were collected at the same time points for analysis of cytokines using the cytometric bead array.

Results: Interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6) production was significantly elevated in the PDL on day 1 after force application. Significantly strong positive correlations between GCF and PDL in experimental group were seen on days 3 (interferon-gamma), 7 (IL-10), 14 (IL-17A), and 28 (IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and significantly strong negative correlation were seen on days 14 (interferon-gamma) and 21 (IL-2, IL-10).

Conclusions: Different patterns of IL-6 expression were seen in the PDL and GCF after mechanical stress. Despite occasional correlations between GCF and PDL, the molecular contributions of the PDL to the GCF changes could not be clearly defined by our model.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Bicuspid / physiology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Child
Cytokines / analysis*
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gingival Crevicular Fluid / immunology*
Humans
Interferon-gamma / analysis
Interleukin-10 / analysis
Interleukin-17 / analysis
Interleukin-2 / analysis
Interleukin-4 / analysis
Interleukin-6 / analysis
Male
Orthodontic Brackets
Periodontal Ligament / immunology*
Stress, Mechanical
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
Young Adult

Substances

Cytokines
IL10 protein, human
IL17A protein, human
IL2 protein, human
IL4 protein, human
IL6 protein, human
Interleukin-17
Interleukin-2
Interleukin-6
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Interleukin-10
Interleukin-4
Interferon-gamma