Systematic Evaluation of Bioorthogonal Reactions in Live Cells with Clickable HaloTag Ligands: Implications for Intracellular Imaging

J Am Chem Soc. 2015 Sep 9;137(35):11461-75. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b06847. Epub 2015 Aug 31.

Abstract

Bioorthogonal reactions, including the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reactions, have become increasingly popular for live-cell imaging applications. However, the stability and reactivity of reagents has never been systematically explored in the context of a living cell. Here we report a universal, organelle-targetable system based on HaloTag protein technology for directly comparing bioorthogonal reagent reactivity, specificity, and stability using clickable HaloTag ligands in various subcellular compartments. This system enabled a detailed comparison of the bioorthogonal reactions in live cells and informed the selection of optimal reagents and conditions for live-cell imaging studies. We found that the reaction of sTCO with monosubstituted tetrazines is the fastest reaction in cells; however, both reagents have stability issues. To address this, we introduced a new variant of sTCO, Ag-sTCO, which has much improved stability and can be used directly in cells for rapid bioorthogonal reactions with tetrazines. Utilization of Ag complexes of conformationally strained trans-cyclooctenes should greatly expand their usefulness especially when paired with less reactive, more stable tetrazines.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Alkenes / chemistry
  • Alkynes / chemistry
  • Azides / chemistry
  • Boron Compounds / chemistry
  • Cell Survival
  • Cycloaddition Reaction
  • Cyclooctanes / chemistry
  • Fluorescein / chemistry
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Hydrolases / chemistry
  • Hydrolases / genetics
  • Hydrolases / metabolism*
  • Intracellular Space / metabolism*
  • Ligands
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Imaging*
  • Molecular Probes / chemistry
  • Molecular Probes / genetics
  • Molecular Probes / metabolism*
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Engineering

Substances

  • 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes
  • Azides
  • Boron Compounds
  • Cyclooctanes
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Probes
  • Hydrolases
  • haloalkane dehalogenase
  • Fluorescein