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Review
. 2015 Sep;30(5):340-8.
doi: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2015.

Oxygen Sensing and Homeostasis

Nanduri R Prabhakar  1 , Gregg L Semenza  2
Affiliations
Review

Oxygen Sensing and Homeostasis

Nanduri R Prabhakar et al. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015 Sep.

Abstract

The discovery of carotid bodies as sensory receptors for detecting arterial blood oxygen levels, and the identification and elucidation of the roles of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in oxygen homeostasis have propelled the field of oxygen biology. This review highlights the gas-messenger signaling mechanisms associated with oxygen sensing, as well as transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms underlying the maintenance of oxygen homeostasis by HIFs and their relevance to physiology and pathology.

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Conflict of interest statement

No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
The O2-sensing and -signaling pathway in the carotid body Schematic presentation of CO-regulated H2S generation in type I cells of the carotid body and its impact on sensory nerve activity. HO-2, heme oxygenase 2; sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; PKG- II, protein kinase G-II; CSE, cystathionine-ϒ-lyase; ETC, electron transport chain; NT, neurotransmitter.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
HIF-1 regulates O2 supply and demand Pathways that are active under hypoxic and nonhypoxic conditions are indicated by blue and red arrows, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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