Antiviral effects of grape seed extract against feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, and hepatitis A virus in model food systems and under gastric conditions

Food Microbiol. 2015 Dec:52:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.011. Epub 2015 May 27.

Abstract

Grape seed extract (GSE) has antiviral activities against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (FCV-F9) and murine norovirus (MNV-1)). The objectives of this study were to determine (1) time and dose-dependence of GSE against FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV at room temperature (RT) and 37 °C over 24 h; and (2) GSE effects in model foods (apple juice (AJ) and 2% milk) and simulated gastric conditions at 37 °C. Viruses at ∼5 log PFU/ml were treated with 0.5-8 mg/ml GSE prepared in water, AJ, milk or gastric juices, or water over 24 h at RT or 37 °C. Infectivity of triplicate treatments was evaluated using plaque assays. GSE effects increased with time and concentration. GSE at 1 mg/ml in AJ reduced MNV-1 to undetectable levels after 1 h and by 1 log in milk after 24 h. GSE at 1 and 2 mg/ml in AJ reduced HAV to undetectable levels after 1 h, while 2 and 4 mg/ml GSE in milk caused ∼1 log reduction after 24 h. GSE at 2 mg/ml in intestinal fluid reduced FCV-F9, MNV-1 and HAV to undetectable levels after 6 h. GSE appears to be a suitable natural option for foodborne viral reduction.

Keywords: Feline calicivirus (FCV-F-9); Food systems; Gastric conditions; Grape seed extract; Hepatitis A virus; Murine norovirus (MNV-1).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
  • Beverages / virology*
  • Caliciviridae Infections / virology
  • Calicivirus, Feline / drug effects*
  • Calicivirus, Feline / physiology
  • Cats
  • Cell Line
  • Grape Seed Extract / pharmacology*
  • Hepatitis A / virology
  • Hepatitis A virus / drug effects*
  • Hepatitis A virus / physiology
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Milk / virology*
  • Norovirus / drug effects*
  • Norovirus / physiology
  • Virus Inactivation / drug effects

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Grape Seed Extract